Brand Exploration

The London redesign of their brand is actually my favorite of the set, its colorful and geometric and very interesting compared to most logos.I think all three are improvements of the original. I am not super fond of the SFMomo one just because it doesn't look complete in my opinion. I think the Chicago museum redesign is really nice and clean but also modern and fitting to Chicago. The Mauritshuis is the most simpler to this project, its very innovative and interesting, I love how the M goes with the h.

Blog assignment for monday

Small Capitals-is a capital letter that is of the same height as a lowercase x in the same typeface but is capitalized. They are different than the regular CAPS because they are small and the same size as the lower case. Volta does not have a small caps but the font minion pro has a small caps option. 
Ligatures- are not simply two letters arbitrarily glued together, the two letters are crafted into a single letter,Certain letter combinations are simply crying out for ligatures, for example Th. I don't think my font has them, but maybe, I can't tell.
 Difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe, Foot marks- Quotation marks, or quotes, are used in punctuation to emphasize a phrase or word or to indicate speech. There are four types of quotation marks: single open, single closed, double open, or double closed. Apostrophe -is used to show the possession of something, You can also use apostrophes to form contractions. Inch mark and quote marks are similar but also different, this link shows the differences http://practicaltypography.com/foot-and-inch-marks.html
Hyphen- Used for the hyphenation of words like co-ordination; able-minded; pre- and post- touring.
En dash-Denotes a range, especially of numbers, such as $100–150.
Em dashes-Denotes a pause in thought, a parenthetical statement, or — more casually — an afterthought. 

Questions about Type

Transitional style typefaces- so-called because they mark a transition from the former Old Style types.
Moderns- also known as Didone. The romans of the Modern types owe very little, if anything to the earlier calligraphic forms; they are too precise, too sharp, too clean. Didones are Romantic, elegant, and like all things elegant, look unhurried, calm, and in control.The Moderns need lots of space (white space and inter-line space), so give them extra leading and  generous margins; and if you pair a Modern with another face, then make sure it’s not a fussy one, or your page will look like a circus poster designed by a visually impaired dog.
Old Style- Old Style types are Neoclassical, Both modern and old style share a common vertical, but moderns have greater contrast.

Stroke Weight-  is a term used to describe the thickness of a line that helps make up a character in a font
Stress- The diagonal, vertical, or horizontal thick-to-thin transition in the stroke of a letter.
Small caps- are uppercase characters set at the same height and weight as surrounding lowercase letters or text figures.
Lining figures- are one of the two styles of figures, with the other being old style.
Small caps and non-aligning figures are designed to simulate the x-height of lowercase letters – full size capitals and aligning figures tend to jump out of the text. Small caps and non-aligning figures are ideal for telephone numbers and post codes.
 Ligatures are specially designed characters that overcome unfortunate clashes between certain letter combinations. 
Type measurement -The type sizes – measured in points – refered to this metal body rather than the face itself. The proportion of the face on the body could vary considerably from one typeface to another.

Volta

Volta is a slab serif
Designed together by Walter Baum and Konrad Bauer
Other fonts they have designed together are Folio, Verdi, Impressum
Volta was designed in 1955
Transitional
Regular, medium, italic, bold

The difference between lettering and font design

Font design is related to typography and type design is all about structure and alignment and making things uniform as a whole set. Lettering is done by hand and is focused on individual letters.

Jonathan Hoefler

Jonathan Hoefler is a typeface designer that has founded the hoefler type foundry in NYC. He has worked with some of the biggest names in the businesses. He also published a book called muse about typography. Some of his fonts include, Landmark, Ideal Sans,Vitesse, Sentinel, and gotham.

Bruno Maag

Bruno Maag is a specialist in type design. He is the co-founder and owner of Dalton Maag. His company is a largest independent studio in Europe. His company recently designed for Nokia for the 2016 Oympics featuring their bespoke font. Fonts he has created are Effra, Foco, Almaq,Bligh, and Cordale. Those are just five among many of the fonts he has designed over the years.

 https://www.daltonmaag.com/

Sumner Stone

Sumner stone is a teacher, type designer, and type founder. For five years he was the director of typography for adobe systems where he designed the adobe typographic program. He also founded his own type foundry called Stone Type Foundry inc. With his company he created many prize winning typefaces as well as great designs. He is also a teacher of many typography and calligraphy classes and an author of many successful books. The list of fonts he has designed are long, but some of them are, Cycles, Arepo, Basalt, Munc, Numa.

http://www.identifont.com/show?18I

Typeface four

It is constructed of long letter that are a bit hard to read when they are all close to eachother. It stands out because of how long and thin the letters are, plus the shape is very round and smooth. The letter that stands out to me is the letter y because it looks like the number 4 in my opinion, some are just hard to read but cool idea. Five words I would use to describe it, round, long, difficult, funky, creative.

Disturbance

This typeface is pretty similar to others excpet for the elongated Q and the g not connecting. I would say that this font is constructed of serifs and also the letters are close to eachother with spacing. Five words I would use to describe it would be dynamic, unique, fun, boring, bland

Can you read me?

This font challenges the mind which is very interesting, its incomplete which is very different from the rest. I don't think any letter stands out to me, they are all interesting in their own way because they are incomplete. The interesting thing is the symbols that are added which made it more confusing. Five words to describe it, confusing, weird, awkward, cool, annoying.

Oblong

This typeface is very different than the others. The letters k,r, x, stand out in my opinion because of how the insides of them look different from the rest. The font is described in five words as bulky, weird, unique, aggressive, square.

Modula

This font is very rounded and skinny. Looks artsy in my opinion. The letters all look similar, but the P and the Q stand out in my opinion because of the short serif attached on the sides. Five words I would use to describe this font is, Gothic, long, skinny, odd, light.

Cholla

This typeface is very geometric and is a slap- serif font. It seems to have a modern look to it to me, like I feel like it would only be used in specific places that fit the theme of it. I think what makes it different is how some of the letters are incomplete, like the g doesn't connect all the way and also how the serifs have different shapes then I've seen before. The five words I would use to describe it would be, modern, quirky, unique, creative, bold.

Wim Crouwel

Crouwel was born in the Netherlands in 1928. He is a graphic designer, type designer, and typographer. He was also a painter and focused a lot on expressionism. He was fascinated by the rational aspect in Bauhaus typography.He got a lot of inspiration from Bauhaus but was fascinated by the ideas of mass production. He designed a lot of poster for museums and also designed lots of catalogs. His posters became very famous and memorable. He was very fond of the modern typeface Helvetica and used a lot of san-serif faces in his work. He later started a design studio with friends names total design. In 1967 he designed several font sets, the best known one is called the New Alphabet.

Letter Fountain readings

Small capitals are the small version of capital letters, these are not the same as reduced capitals. They are specially designed small capitals, they are slightly bigger than the x height of lower case. Small caps provide a more balanced appearance when the normal capitals can be very busy. Ligatures are combos of characters designed to fix the over hang on certain letters by binding it tightly. Diphthongs mainly convey that the word has a special pronunciation. Logotypes are less visible combinations of characters such as the & symbol. The difference between scripts and graphics has caused confusion over the years.The word Scripts is derived from the German tern Schreib sehritten, which means writing types, elegant hand writing to metal digital typefaces. The meaning of the German world for graphics comes from a different meaning, graphics are typefaces that have characteristics of several kinds of hand lettering. Grapics and scripts have a different design process which sets them apart also.  The influences of punk and graffiti on the world started in the seventies, the years where young people were developing their own form of communication. The illegal form of communication where people sprayed on walls to show this secret language. The graffiti was a source of inspiration to the artistic movement and a new ideal in the world of graphic design. The graphic designing world is changing rapidly, while the world of typography sticks with the old tradition. Bitstream was the first digital type company. The new techniques for letter production required a great deal of adaptation but also and understanding of the basic design of typefaces. The old way of typesetting with a phototypesetter was very expensive and difficult. The Mac computer didn't come out till 1984, but even then not everyone could afford one. Emigre font designed by Rudy Vanderlans, was made for the dot matrix printer. Fontshop was created in 1990 by erik and Joan Spiekerman. Fontshop spent years collecting fonts and now has several thousand typefaces. Linotype is a company which is home to a great tradition in the world of type designing. Linotype has a famous collection of fonts in their collection. Over all we learned about the progress the type design has taken over the years and will continue to make.

Paula Scher

Paula Scher was born in Washington D.C. in 1948. She works in identity design, packaging design, publication design, and environmental graphics. Scher has been a major desiger in the office of the distinguished international design consultancy pentagram since 1991. She has a special approach to typography and that approach became hugely influential when she started working as an art director. She also does a lot of brand work that have become major studies for the revitalization of classic American brands.

Jessica Hische

Jessica Hische is a letterer and illustrator. Hische was raised by none creative parents but somehow ended up finding her way to Graphic Design. Her first job was as a freelance designer for a small studio in Philadelphia. She helped design books and did mostly illustration and image making. She started out on her own as a letterer, illustrator, and type designer working for various places such as penguin books and Wes Anderson.

April Grieman

April Greiman’s designs have been influential worldwide over the last 30 years. April was born in NYC and studied at many schools including Kansas City’s own Art Institute. She explores image, word, and color in a singular fusion of art and technology. Gremian does many exhibitions at museums and art school across the U.S. She started her own company in LA called Made in Space.

Mattew Carter

Matthew Carter is an industrial designer, contemporary type designer and craftsman. He is responsible for Crosfields typographic program in the early 60’s. He also co-founded the company Bitstream that later formed the company Carter & Cone with his partner Cherie Cone. His recent work involves designing Verdana and Georgia fonts for Microsoft.

Erik Spiekermann

Erik Spiekermann is a german designer and typographer. He currently teaches at the University of the Arts Bremen. He majored in art history in college at Berlins Free University, and put himself through college by running a letterpress printing press from his house. He started out working as a freelance designer then founded a company called MetaDesign with two partners. Spiekermann and his wife started the first distributor of digital fonts called FontShop.

Piet Zwart

Piet Zwart was born may 28th 1885 in the Netherlands. Piet was a photographer, typographer, and industrial designer. He attended the School of Applied Arts in Amsterdam and learned a mix of everything from drawing to architecture. He did a lot of different work he did stuff that geared towards his skills in architecture and did work that geared towards his graphic design skills.

Massimo Vignelli

Massimo Vignelli was an Italian designer whose work ranged from package design to furniture magazines to public signage. Vignelli helped co-find Vignelli Associates. His partner was his wife Lella. Massimo's style was focused towards simplicity through geometric forms. He worked with many high profile companies, for example, IBM, Bloomingdale’s and American Airlines. He made a huge impact on the world of design in many ways, and will always be remembered for the amazing work he did.

Herb Lubalin

Herb Lubalin is known to most people as the creator to the font Avant Garde and Avant Garde Magazine. He also did a lot more, like being a part of the founding of the International typeface corporation. Throughout his life he was constantly searching for something new and innovative, this made him one of the most successful people of his time.

http://www.designishistory.com/1960/herb-lubalin/

Emil Ruder

Emil Ruder was famous for being a typographer and graphic designer. Ruder was born in Switzerland. He was a major part of the establishment of the design style known as Swiss Design. He valued the importance of san-serif fonts.He favored asymmetrical compositions and believed having negative space was very important. Ruder’s style has changed the face of web design and his use of the grid is emulated by many.

Paul Rand

Paul Rand was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1914. His career started with him working a part time position creating a syndicate that supplies graphics to various newspapers and magazines. Rand worked a lot over the years at establishing a name for himself as a designer. He not only had a talent for logo design but also one for page design. He worked a lot with magazines doing editorial layouts. He will always be known for his work with corporate identities, some of his work with these companies are still in use today.

www.paulrand.com

Adrian Frutier

Adrian Frutier was born to his parents in Unterseen, Canton of Bern in 1928. He was interested in type from a young age when he started experimenting with scripts and putting a style to handwriting. He explored what you could do with cursive because that was the style he had to formally write in his swiss school. He was especially interested in sculpture which his parents and teacher didnt approve of and instead pushed him into the world of print. His first job in the business was working as a compositor to a printer in Interlaken. Later he went on to study at the Kunstgewerbeschule School of applied arts. Later he went to Paris and started working as a typeface designer and artistic manager at Deberny & Peignot. He started creating fonts often now some were Phoebus, Ondine and Meridien. His work designing the font Univers put his foot in the door to establishing and international position as a typeface designer. This font was created for metal and film in 1957 and is a sans-serif font. Adrian went on to develop and refine his very own typefaces to include more weights and italics to add variety to his work.

Thoughtfully word assignment

Jan Tschichold

   Most people would say that Jan Tschichold was one of the major influences to 20th century typography. He was known as a book designer, teacher, and much more. Jan began his life in typography when his father who was a sign writer, introduced him to calligraphy. Having calligraphic training so early in life set Jan apart from others typographers at the time. Sadly his parents shot down his dream of becoming an artist and encouraged him to become an illustration teacher instead. He only taught for about 3 years until he decided to pursue calligraphy studies instead. He studied a wide range of creative practices, which he was already very good at without studying. When he began to stand out from the rest in school, his teachers took noticed and offered him a position to teach his first script class. 

   As the years went on Jan became interested in all types of fonts and started collecting fonts done by others as inspiration. The years to follow Jan pushed the envelope by designing new creative ways to layout text and images on a page. In 1928 one of his most successful works was published, it is called The New Typography. It was a book of modern graphic design layout and was used for years to come. The Nazis disapproval of Tschicholds work later pushed him to leave Germany and move his family to Switzerland. He did a lot of great work in switzerland before moving to London in 1946 with a job offer to work for Allen Lane of Penguin Books. He worked with Penguin for years helping redesign the covers of books and doing a lot of great work for them. He returned to Switzerland later to continue his works with fonts and developed his own font called Sabon. 

   Jan Tschicold did many great things in his lifetime. He helped pave the way for sans serif fonts to become popular and helped modernize clean design layouts and strengthened the design of penguin books. This amazing man will go down in history for his influential work.